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   5 April 2006

                                             TREATIES 1661-1809                                                        
    
     TREATY BETWEEN THE DELAWARE AND MARYLAND, 1661

 Chief Pinna of the Passyunk Lenape made a treaty of peace with Governor Phillip Calvert of Maryland. (Lenape Nation on the Web)

 
 TREATY BETWEEN WILLIAM PENN AND THE DELAWARE, 17 SEPTEMBER 1682, PRESENT PHILADELPHIA

The Delaware signed this first treaty with the English under the Shackamaxon Tree  at present Philadelphia with William Penn, the proprietor, called Onan by the Delaware. Delaware signers were Tamanend and three other chiefs, one of whom may have been Tishcohan pictured below. This was supposedly the only treaty between a white man and the Delaware that was never broken. (Cranor, Kik-Tha-Whe-Nund, p. 2) 

 

 William Penn
        

                                                                                   
 Once William Penn received his charter he realized--or at least was informed--that much of the land he wanted was held by Indians who would expect payment in exchange for a quitclaim to vacate the territory. The tribe he would have to deal with most often was the Delaware (Lenni Lenape), who had never been defeated militarily by the Swedes or the Dutch. Penn, not surprisingly, had no military ambitions; he even refused to fortify Philadelphia. Hence, the only practical and legal way to get their land and secure their friendship was a treaty. The treaty also demonstrated Penn's claim to the land to his investors, who would have been much less interested in the venture without clear title.

Penn and his agents began the process of buying land from the Native 'holders.. These holders were various Delaware chiefs, and not as legend has it the Iroquois. Despite the fact that this (mostly) New York State Confederacy of the 'Five Nations' had [allegedly] defeated the Delaware, they did not have the power the sell the land. As Francis Jennings points out, this misreading of the situation resulted from the fact that the Delaware played the role of peacemaker among various quarreling tribes. As Native women often mediated disputes, the Delaware held the position of the 'woman' in this arrangement. Europeans wrongly assumed that the 'woman' position signified a lack of rights and lack of power. However, they were correct in assessing that the Iroquois held the most power, though Penn thought that politics, at least dealing with Indians, were local so he favored the less militarily powerful Delaware. What is less assuredly myth--or fact--is whether Penn ever signed a 'Great Treaty' in 1682 at the village of Shackamaxon. As we have seen, for many Americans (and non-Americans such as Voltaire) this deed proved the most inspiring 'event' of Penn's life. Francis Jennings believes that Penn signed the treaty and never broke it, but that his less scrupulous successors destroyed the document, presumably so that they could renege on its provisions. We do know that Penn did buy much land, so must have made at least one such agreement, instituting what was known in Indian terminology as a 'chain of friendship'. And there do exist several references to this chain being made between Penn and the Delaware.

    
William Penn's Purchases from The Indians

Penn paid a total of 1,200 pounds for the land, which though a large sum, was probably fair for both sides. Penn took the advice of Dutch and Swedish colonists who had already set some parameters for treaty agreements These earlier settlers provided invaluable assistance in delineating who to contact, and who to pay for the land. On the other side of the 'covenant chain,' the Delaware had many years of negotiating such treaties, and were ready to sell their land to Penn, on their terms. Disease had decimated much of their population so they needed less of the land near Philadelphia, and at the time there was plenty of un-occupied space to the North and West of the (future) city. They worked with a complex arrangement of overlapping 'right's to use certain areas, and rights to dispose of these obligations. So Penn may have had to pay several times to the same holder in order to clear all claims. He was not 'duped' into paying several times for the same property.

Though Penn was generally fair in his purchases, he also had to be a shrewd businessman, especially as he competed with Lord Baltimore for territorial rights. He out-maneuvered Maryland agents in his purchases, thus insuring that his future city would not be largely subsumed by its southern neighbor. Penn had competitors to the North as well. And any northern land transactions meant tangling with New York State for land, and perhaps more importantly, trading rights with the Iroquois Confederacy. To secure new routes to the interior and more trade with the Five Nations, Penn tried to purchase a large piece of land on the Susquehanna River. Pennsylvania could then have a trading post closer to the Iroquois than was Albany. However, New York State merchants beat Penn to the punch by using their comfortable relations with the Confederacy to claim the land--as a 'gift' from the Iroquois nonetheless--before Penn.

The treaty of 1701 is both the first full treaty text that remains extant (there exist parts of earlier ones), and the last agreement brokered directly by Penn rather than his agents. As he had done before, Penn rewarded 'his' Indians. His policies helped make Pennsylvania, in the words of the missionary John Heckewelder, "the last, delightful asylum" for Native Americans. Penn's successors were much less fair and scrupulous in dealing with the Indians. While those who would argue that he essentially sought the same imperialistic goals, only in a kinder, gentler manner, may have a point, one must argue that this 'kindness' was relatively speaking, better than much of the outright hate and distrust that characterized Indian-White relations. 

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    TREATY BETWEEN THE DELAWARE AND WILLIAM PENN, 1718

Chief Sassoonan/Olumapies, a Unami Chief, signed the treaty with William Penn. (Lenape Nation on the Web)

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The Walking Purchase August 25, 1737
(From http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/walkingpurchase.asp)

Record Group 26: Records of the Department of State, Basic Documents, Indian Deeds, #35, "Deed of Nutimus, Teeshakommen, et. al.…to John Thomas and Richard Penn" August 25, 1737. Iron gall ink on parchment, 28 3/8"X 17 5/8".

Consistent with the Society of Friends' (Quakers) belief that all people are children of God and should be considered equals, William Penn attempted to treat Native Americans fairly. Although King Charles II had granted to Penn in 1681 the land that he called "Pennsylvania," Penn also purchased it from the indigenous people, acknowledging them as the rightful owners. He made his first purchase in 1682 and continued this practice in the following years. Many were for small tracts, some overlapping others.

William Penn's sons John and Thomas had inherited the colony's proprietorship, but had lived beyond their means and, like their father, had fallen into debt. In order to increase their income, they were selling land to European settlers even before they had purchased it from the Indians. Provincial Secretary James Logan, too, was selling land. In fact, he was one of Pennsylvania's largest land speculators. The demand for land was strong because of heavy immigration from Europe, and settlers were moving north into the area from southeastern Pennsylvania and west from New Jersey. Provincial officials believed that they needed to extend their authority and provide the institutions of government in these settlements. As a result, they considered it necessary to obtain a clear title from the Indians to the land in the upper Delaware and Lehigh River valleys.

To demonstrate their claim to the area, they showed to the leaders of the Delaware Indians a deed that they insisted indicated that William Penn had bought the land in 1686 but that he had not completed the purchase. Because these Delaware Indians with whom Logan and the Penn brothers spoke had moved there from New Jersey, they explained that they knew nothing about that purchase. They tried to secure help to resist the officials' claims from the Iroquois to whom they were subservient. However, Logan had prepared, and the Six Nations' leaders signed, a deed giving up the Indians' interest in the area. Without support from the Iroquois, the Delaware leaders therefore relinquished on August 25, 1737, the lands that the Penns and Logan wanted.

The next step was to measure the purchase and specify its boundaries. The deed indicated that the purchase extended from a point on the Delaware River near present-day Wrightstown, northwest into the interior "as far as a Man could walk in a day and half," a typical Indian measurement of space. Logan hired three men to "walk off," the area who were accompanied initially by several Indians. The "walk" ended well into the Lehigh River Valley, near what is now the borough of Jim Thorpe, formerly Mauch Chunk, at the foothills of the Blue Mountains. Instead of projecting the boundary due east, provincial surveyors drew the line at right angles to the Upper Delaware River, near the New York border.

The Delawares charged that the deal was a fraud. A reason for the Indians' ignorance of the 1686 sale is that it never happened. Logan could not produce an original copy of the deed, nor does the sale appear in the provincial land records. Also, because the Penns had sent scouting parties to clear the route and had recruited outdoorsmen to travel it, the area that the walk covered became half again to twice the distance that the Indians normally traveled a "day and half." Two of the three hired "walkers" were unable to maintain the fast pace and dropped out. The third eventually collapsed in near exhaustion. The Delaware early had withdrawn in disgust, complaining bitterly that the white men did not "walk fair." Consequently, the outraged Delaware refused to leave the land, whereupon, provincial officials called on the Iroquois to force them out. This they did in 1741, informing the Delaware that as a subject people they had no right to sell land in the first place and insulting them by calling them "women."

The deed and "Walking Purchase" that implemented it were revealing. Certainly, a Britisher prepared the document, but it included not only English legal terminology but also typical Indian phrases that showed their respect for elders and their way of calculating distances. More important is what they disclose concerning the attitude of the Europeans toward the Indians. William Penn's sons John and Thomas, as well as Logan indicated clearly that they had abandoned William Penn's policy of fairness toward the Indians. They seemed to have had no qualms about using one group of Indians to cheat another out of its land. Their action also demonstrated their short-sightedness. Although they achieved their immediate objectives of acquiring land in the upper Delaware and Lehigh River valleys from the Indians, they contributed to a later catastrophe by alienating the Delawares. Forced from their homeland, all but a few moved west where "the French welcomed them and promised them a chance for revenge." Not needing motivation but only the opportunity, as the French implemented their claims to the Allegheny and Ohio River valleys, during the early and mid-1750s the Delaware moved down the Susquehanna and ravaged Pennsylvania's frontier. They destroyed crops, burned barns and homes, carried off and killed many of the colonists. The Quaker Party in the provincial legislature charged, probably validly, that the Delawares' actions were the direct result of the "Walking Purchase."
 

 

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DELAWARE TREATY AT CONESTOGA, PENNSYLVANIA 1718

Netawatwees/King Newcomer (Skilled Advisor) signed the Treaty of Conestoga. (Lenape Nation on the Web) [Is this the same treaty as one above?]
 

TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE DELAWARE, 17 SEPTEMBER 1778 , FORT PITT, [PITTSBURGH, PA]

Map of Fort Pitt                                                  Sept. 17, 1778. 7 Stat., 13.

 

                                         Fort Pitt
 
                                       (Source: http://www.fortpittmuseum.com/History.html)
 

(Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties) Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, vol. II, pp. 3-5.)
 

Articles of agreement and confederation, made and entered into by Andrew and Thomas Lewis, Esquires, Commissioners for, and in Behalf of the United States of North-America of the one Part, and Capt. White Eyes, John Kill Buck, Junior, and Capt. Pipe, Deputies and Chief Men of the Delaware Nation of the other Part.[1778].

Article I.
That all offences or acts of hostilities by one, or either of the contracting parties against the other, be mutually forgiven, and buried in the depth of oblivion, never more to be had in remembrance.

Article II.
That a perpetual peace and friendship shall from henceforth take place, and subsist between the contracting parties aforesaid, through all succeeding generations: and if either of the parties are engaged in a just and necessary war with any other nation of nations, that then each shall assist the other in due proportion to their abilities, till their enemies are brought to reasonable terms of accommodation: and that if either of them shall discover any hostile designs forming against the other, they shall give the earliest notice thereof, that timeous measures may be taken to prevent their ill effect.

ARTICLE III.
And whereas the United States are engaged in a just and necessary war, in defence and support of life, liberty, and independence against the King of England and his adherents, and as said King is yet possessed of several posts and forts on the lakes and other places, the reduction of which is of great importance to the peace and security of the contracting parties, and as the most practicable way for the troops of the United States to some of the posts and forts is by passing through the country of the Delaware nation, the aforesaid deputies, on behalf of themselves and their nation, do hereby stipulate and agree give a free passage through their country to the troops aforesaid, and the same to conduct by the nearest and best ways to the posts, forts or towns of the enemies of the United States, affording to said troops such supplies of corn, meat, horses or whatever may be in their power for the accommodation of such troops, on the commanding officer's, &c, paying or engageing to pay, the full value of whatever they can supply them with. And the said deputies, on behalf of their nation, engage to join the troops of the United States aforesaid, with such a number of their best and most expert warriors as they can spare, consistent with their own safety, and act in concert with them; and for the better security of the old men, women and children of the aforesaid nation, whilst their warriors are engaged against the common enemy, it is agreed on the part of the United States, that a fort of sufficient strength and capacity be built at the expense of the United States, with such assistance as it may be in the power of the said Delaware Nation to give, in the most convenient place, and advantageous situation, as shall be agreed on by the commanding officer of the troops aforesaid, with the advice and concurrence of the deputies of the aforesaid Delaware nation, which fort shall be garrisoned by such a number of the troops of the United States, as the commanding officer can spare for the present, and hereafter by such numbers, as the wise men of the United States in council, shall think most conducive to the common good.

ARTICLE  IV.
For the better security of the peace and friendship now entered into by the contracting parties, against all infractions of the same by the citizens of either party, to the prejudice of the other, neither party shall proceed to the infliction of punishments on the citizens of the other, otherwise than by securing the offender or offenders by imprisonment, or any other competent means, till a fair and impartial trial can be had by judges or juries of both parties, as near as can be to the laws, customs and usages of the contracting parties and natural justice: The mode of such trials to be hereafter fixed by the wise men of the United States in Congress assembled, with the assistance of such deputies of the Delaware nation, as may be appointed to act in concert with them in adjusting this matter to their mutual liking. And it is further agreed between the parties aforesaid, that neither shall entertain or give countenance to the enemies of the other, or protect in their respective states, criminal fugitives, servants or slaves, but the same to apprehend. and secure and deliver to the State or States, to which such enemies, criminals, servants or slaves respectively belong.

ARTICLE  V.
Whereas the confederation entered into by the Delaware Nation and the United States, renders the first dependent on the latter for all the articles of clothing, utensils, and implements of war, and it is judged not only reasonable, but indispensably necessary, that the aforesaid nation be supplied with such articles from time to time, as far as the United States may have it in their power by a well-regulated trade, under the conduct of an an intelligent, candid agent, with an adequate salary, one more influenced by the love of his country, and a constant attention to the duties of his department by promoting the common interest, than the sinister purposes of converting and binding all the duties of his office to his private emolument: Convinced of the necessity of such measures, the Commissioners of the United States, at the earnest solicitation of the deputies aforesaid, have engaged in the behalf of the United States, that such a trade should be afforded said nation, conducted on such principles of mutual interest as the wisdom of the United States in Congress assembled shall think most conducive to adopt for their mutual convenience.

ARTICLE  VI.
Whereas the enemies of the United States have endeavored, by every artifice in their power, to possess the Indians in general with an opinion, that it is the design of the United States aforesaid, to extirpate the Indians and take possession of their country: to obviate such false suggestion, the United States do engage to guarantee to the aforesaid nation of Delawares, and their heirs, all their territorial rights in the fullest and most ample manner, as it hath been bounded by former treaties, as long as they the said Delaware nation shall abide by, and hold fast the chain of friendship now entered into. And it is further agreed on between the contracting parties should it for the future be found conducive for the mutual interest of both parties to invite any other tribes who have been friends to the interest of the United States, to join the present confederation, and to form a state whereof the Delaware nation shall be the head, and have a representation in Congress: [Emphasis added.- Editor] Provided, nothing contained in this article to be considered as conclusive until it meets with an approbation of Congress. And it is also the intent and meaning of this article, that no protection or countenance shall be afforded to any who are at present our enemies, by which they might escape the punishment they deserve.

In witness thereof, the parties have hereunto interchangeably set their hands and seals, at Fort Pitt, September seventeenth, anno Domini one thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight.

[Signed for the United States] Andrew Lewis, Thomas Lewis.
[Delaware]
White Eyes,
The Pipe,
John Kill Buck,
In presence of-- Lach'n McIntosh, brigadier-general, commander the Western Department.
Daniel Brodhead, colonel Eight Pennsylvania Regiment.
W. Crawford, colonel,
John Campbell,
John Stephenson,
John Gibson, colonel Thirteenth Virginia Regiment,
A. Graham, brigade major,
Lach. McIntosh, jr., major brigade,
Benjamin Mills,
Joseph L. Finley, captain Eight Pennsylvania Regiment,
John Finley, captain Eight Pennsylvania Regiment.

[A digital form of this and other treaties can be found at: http://digital..library.okstate.edu/kappler 
The Coca-Cola Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, provided generous support to the Digital Center of the Library of Oklahoma State University .]

TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE WYANDOT, DELAWARE,  CHIPPEWA, AND OTTAWA 21 JANUARY 1785 , FORT M'INTOSH, NORTHWEST TERRITORY

(Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties) Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, vol. II, pp. 6-8.)

Articles of a treaty concluded at Fort M'Intosh, Ohio Territory, the twenty-first day of January, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, between the Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, of the one Part, and the Sachems and Warriors of the Wyandot, Delaware, Chippewa, and Ottawa nations of Indians of the other.

The Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States in Congress assembled, give peace to the Wiandot, Delaware, Chippewa, and Ottawa nations of Indians, on the following conditions:

ARTICLE  I.
Three chiefs from among the Wiandot, and two from among the Delaware nations, shall be delivered up to the Commissioners of the United States, to be by them retained till all the prisoners. white and black, taken by the said nations, or any of them, shall be restored.

ARTICLE II.
The said Indian nations do acknowledge themselves and all their tribes to be under the protection of the United States and of no other sovereign nation.

ARTICLE III.
The boundary line between the United States and the Wiandot and Delaware nations, shall begin at the mouth of the river Cayahoga, and run thence up the said river to the portage between that and the Tuskarawas branch of Meskingum; then down the said branch to the forks at the crossing place above Fort Lawrence; then westerly to the portage of the Big Miami, which runs into the Ohio, at the mouth of which branch the fort stood which was taken by the French in one thousand seven hundred and fifty-two; then along the said portage to the Great Miami or Ome river, and down the south-east side of the same to its mouth; thence along the south shore of Lake Erie, to the mouth of the Cayahoga where it began.

ARTICLE IV.
The United States allot all the lands contained within the said lines to the Wiandot and Delaware nations, to live and to hunt on, and to such of the Ottawa nation as now live thereon; saving and reserving for the establishment of trading posts, six miles square at the mouth lf Miami or Ome river, and the same at the portage on that branch of the Big Miami which runs into the Ohio, and the same on the lake of Sanduske where the fort formerly stood, and also two miles square on each side of the lower rapids of Sanduske river, which posts and the lands annexed to them, shall be to the use and under the government of the United States.

ARTICLE V.
If any citizen of the United States, or other persons not being an Indian, shall attempt to settle on any of the lands allotted to the Wiandot and Delaware nations in this treaty, except on the lands reserved to the United States in the preceding article, such persons shall forfeit the protection of the United States, and the Indians may punish him as they please.

ARTICLE VI.
The Indians who sign this treaty, as well in behalf of all their tribes as of themselves, do acknowledge the lands east, south and west of the lines described in the third article, so far as the said Indians formerly claimed the same, to belong to the United States; and none of their tribes shall presume to settle upon the same, or any part of it.

ARTICLE VII.
The post of Detroit, with a district beginning at the mouth of the River Rosine, on the west end of Lake Erie, and running west six miles up the southern bank of the said river, thence northerly and always six miles west of the strait, till it strikes the lake St. Clair, shall be also reserved to the sole use of the United States.

ARTICLE VIII.
In the same manner the post of Michillimachenac with its dependencies, and twelve miles square about the same, shall be reserved to the use of the United States.

ARTICLE IX.
If any Indian or Indians shall commit a robbery or murder on any citizen of the United States, the tribe to which such offenders may belong, shall be bound to deliver them up at the nearest post, to be punished according to the ordinances of the United States.
 
ARTICLE X.
The Commissioners of the United States, in pursuance of the humane and liberal views of Congress, upon this treaty's being signed, will direct goods to be distributed among the different tribes for their use and comfort.

SEPARATE ARTICLE.
It is agreed that the Delaware chiefs, Kelelamand or lieutenant-colonel Henry, Hengue Pushees or the Big Cat, Wicocalind or Captain White Eyes, who took up the hatchet for the United States, and their families, shall be received into the Delaware nation, in the same situation and rank as before the war, and enjoy their due portions of the lands given to the Wiandot and Delaware nations in this treaty, as fully as if they had not taken part with America, or as any other person or persons in the said nations.

[For the United States:]
Go. Clark, Richard Butler, Arthur Lee, Daunghquat, Abraham Kuhn, Ottawerreri, Hobocan,  Walendightun,   Talapoxie, Wingenum, Packelani, Gingewanno, Waanoos,  Konalawassee, Shawnaquam, Quecookkia.  [It is not known whether or not any of the above are Delaware at this time.-Editor.]

Witness: Sam'l J. Atlee, Fras. Johnston, Pennsylvania Commissioners. Alex. Campbell, Jos. Harmar, lieutenant-colonel commandant. Alex. Lowrey, Joseph Nicolas, interpreter. I. Bradford, George Slaughter, Van Swearingen, John Boggs, G. Evans, D. Luckett.

[Proofread 17 August 2001.-Editor.]

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TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE SHAWNEE, 31 JANUARY 1786 , NORTHWEST TERRITORY

(Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties) Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, vol. II, pp. 16-17.)

Articles of a Treaty concluded at the Mouth of the Great Miami, on the North-western Bank of the Ohio, the thirty-first day of January, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-six, between the Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, of the one Part, and the Chiefs and Warriors of the Shawanoe Nation, of the other Part.

ARTICLE  VI. 
The United States do allot to the Shawanoe nation, lands within their territory to live and hunt upon, beginning at the south line of the lands allotted to the Wyandots and Delaware nations, at the place where the main branch of the Great Miami, which falls into the Ohio,  intersects said line; then down the river Miami, to the fork of that river, next below the old fort which was taken by the French in one thousand seven hundred and fifty-two; thence due west to the river de la Panse; then down that river to the river Wabash, beyond which lines none of the citizens of the United States shall settle, nor disturb the Shawanoes in their settlement and possessions; and the Shawanoes do relinquish to the United States, all title, or pretence of title, they ever had to the lands east, west, and south, of the east, west, and south lines before described.

For the full text of the treaty, see:  http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/index.htm
[This article is the only one that refers to the Delaware.-Editor.]

[Proofread October 2001. Editor]

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 TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE WIANDOT, DELAWARE, OTTAWA, CHIPPEWA, POTTAWATIMA, AND SAC NATIONS, 9 JANUARY 1789, FORT HARMAR, NORTHWEST TERRITORY

(Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties). Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, vol. II, pp. 18-23.)

Fort Harmar
Artist's Rendition of Fort Harmar
 From Ohio History Central

Jan. 9, 1789. 7 Stat., 28. Proclamation, Sept. 17, 1789.

Articles of a Treaty Made at Fort Harmar, between Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio, and Commissioner Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, for removing all Causes of Controversy, regulating Trade, and settling Boundaries, with the Indian Nations in the Northern Department, of the one Part; and the Sachems and Warriors of the Wiandot, Delaware, Ottawa, Chippewa, and Pottawatima  and Sac Nations, on the other Part.

ARTICLE I.
Whereas the United States in Congress assembled, did, by their commissioners George Rogers Clark, Richard Butler, and Arthur Lee, Esquires, duly appointed for that purpose, at a treaty holden with the Wiandot, Delaware, Ottawa and Chippewa nations, at Fort M'Intosh, on the twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, conclude a peace with the Wyandots, Delawares, Ottawas, and Chippewas, and take them into their friendship and protection: And whereas at the said treaty it was stipulated that all prisoners that had been made by those nations, or either of them, should be delivered up to the United States.   And whereas the said nations have now agreed to and with the aforesaid Arthur St. Clair, to renew and confirm all the engagements they had made with the United States of America, at the before mentioned treaty, except so far as are altered by these presents.  And there are now in the possession of some individuals of these nations, certain prisoners, who have been taken by others not in peace with the said United States, or in violation of the treaties subsisting between the United States and them; the said nations agree to deliver up all the prisoners now in their hands (by what means so ever they have come into their possession) to the said Governor St. Clair, at Fort Harmar, or in his absence, to the officer commanding there, as soon as conveniently may be; and for the true performance of this agreement, they do now agree to deliver into his hands, two persons of the Wyandot nation, to be retained in the hands of the United States as hostages, until the said prisoners are restored; after which they shall be sent back to their nation.

ARTICLE II.
And whereas at the before mentioned treaty it was agreed between the United States and the said nations, that a boundary line should be fixed between the lands of those nations and the territory of the United States; which boundary is as follows, viz.--Beginning at the mouth of Cayahoga river, and running thence up the said river to the portage between that and the Tuscarawa branch of the Muskingum, then down the said branch to the forks of the crossing-place above fort Lawrence, then westerly o the portage on that branch of the Big Miami river which runs into the Ohio, at the mouth of which branch the fort stood that was taken by the French in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and fifty-two, then along the said portage to the Great Miami or Omie river, and down the south-east side of the same to its mouth; thence along the southern shore of Lake Erie to the mouth of Cayahoga, where it began.   And the said Wyandot, Delaware, Ottawa, and Chippewa Nations, for and in consideration of the peace then granted to them by the said United States, and the presents they then received, as well as of a quantity of goods to the value of six thousand dollars, now delivered to them by the said Arthur St. Clair, the receipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge,  do by these presents renew and confirm the said boundary line; to the end that the same may remain as a division line between the lands of the United States of America and the lands of said nations, forever.   And the undersigned Indians do hereby in their own names, and the names of their respective nations and tribes, their heirs and descendants, for the considerations above-mentioned. release, quit claim, relinquish and cede to the United States all the land, east, south and west of the lines above described, so far as the said Indians formerly claimed the same; for them the said United States to have and to hold the same in true and absolute property forever.
 
ARTICLE III.
The United States of America do by these presents relinquish and quit claim to the said nations respectively, all the lands lying between the limits above described, for them the said Indians to live and hunt upon, and otherwise to occupy as they shall see fit: But the said nations, or either of them, shall not be at liberty to sell of dispose of the same, or any part thereof, to any sovereign power, except the United States; nor to the subjects or citizens of any other sovereign power, nor to the subjects or citizens of the United States.

ARTICLE IV.
It is agreed between the said United States and the said nations, that the individuals of said nations shall be at liberty to hunt within the territory ceded to the United States, without hindrance or molestation, so long as they demean themselves peaceably, and offer no injury or annoyance to any of the subjects or citizens of the said United States. 

ARTICLE V.
It is agreed that if any Indian or Indians of the nations before mentioned, shall commit a murder or robbery on any of the citizens of the United States, the nation or tribe to which the offender belongs, on complaint being made, shall deliver up the person or persons complained of, at the nearest post of the United States; to the end that he or they be tried, and if found guilty, punished according to the laws established in the territory of the United States north-west of the river Ohio, for the punishment of such offences, if the same shall have been committed within the said territory; or according to the laws of the State where the offence may have been committed, if the same has happened in any of the United States.   In like manner, if any subject or citizen of the United States shall commit murder or robbery on any Indian or Indians of said nations, upon complaint being made thereof, he or they shall be arrested, tried and punished agreeable to the laws of the state or of the territory wherein the offence was committed; that nothing may interrupt the peace and harmony now established between the United States and said nations.
 
ARTICLE VI.
And whereas the practice of stealing horses has prevailed very much, to the great disquiet of the citizens of the United States, and if persisted in, cannot fail to involve both the United States of America and the Indians in endless animosity, it is agreed that it shall be put to an entire stop on both sides; nevertheless, should some individuals, in defiance of this agreement, and of the laws provided against such offences, continue to make depredations of that nature, the persons convicted thereof shall be punished with the utmost severity the laws of the respective states, or territory of the United States north-west of the Ohio, where the offence may have been committed, will admit of: And all horses so stolen, either by the Indians from the citizens or subjects of the United States, or by the citizens or subjects of the United States from any of the Indian nations, may be reclaimed, into whose possession so ever they may have passed, and upon due proof, shall be restored; any sales in market overt, notwithstanding.  And the civil magistrates in the United States respectively, and in the territory north-west of the Ohio, shall give all necessary aid and protection to Indians claiming such stolen horses.

ARTICLE VII.
Trade shall be opened with the said nations, and they do hereby respectively engage to afford protection to the persons and property of such as may be duly licensed to reside among them for the purposes of trade, and to their agents, factors and servants; but no person shall be permitted to reside at their towns, or at their hunting camps, as a trader, who is not furnished with a license for that purpose, under the hand and seal of the Governor of the territory of the United States north-west of the Ohio, for the time being, or under the hand and seal of one of his deputies for the management of Indian affairs; to the end that they may not be imposed upon in their traffic.  And if any person or persons shall intrude themselves without such license, they promise to apprehend him or them, and to bring them to the said Governor, or one of his deputies, for the purpose before mentioned, to be dealt with according to law: And that they may be defended against persons who might attempt to forge such licenses, they further engage to give information to the said Governor, or one of his deputies, of the names of all traders residing among the, from time to time, and at least once in every year. 

ARTICLE VIII.
Should any nation  of Indians mediate a war  mediate a war against the United States, or either of them, and the same shall come to the knowledge of the before mentioned nations, or either of them, there do hereby engage to give immediate notice thereof to the Governor, or in his absence to the officer commanding the troops of the United States at the nearest post.  And should any nation with hostile intentions against the United States, or either of them, attempt to pass through their country, they will endeavor to prevent the same, and in like manner give information of such attempt to the said Governor or commanding officer, as soon as possible, that all causes of mistrust and suspicion may be avoided between them and the United States: In like manner the United States shall give notice to the said Indian nations, of any harm that may be meditated against them, or either of them, that shall come to their knowledge; and do all in their power to hinder and prevent the same, that the friendship between them may be uninterrupted.
 
ARTICLE IX.
If any person or persons, citizens or subjects of the United States, or any other person not being an Indian, shall presume to settle upon the lands confirmed to the said nations, he and they shall be out of the protection of the United States; and the said nations may punish him or them in such manner as they seem fit.
 
ARTICLE X.
The United States renew the reservations heretofore made in the before mentioned treaty at Fort M'Intosh, for the establishment of trading posts, in manner and form following; that is to say: Six miles square at the mouth of the Miami or Omie river; six miles square at the portage upon that branch of the Miami which runs into the Ohio; six miles square upon the Lake Sandusky where the fort formerly stood; and two miles square upon each side the Lower Rapids on Sandusky river, which posts, and the lands annexed to them, shall be for the use and under the government of the United States.
 
ARTICLE XI.
The post at Detroit, with a district of land beginning at the mouth of the river Rosine, at  the west end of Lake Erie, and running up the southern bank of said river six miles; thence northerly, and always six miles west of the strait, until it strikes the lake St. Clair, shall be reserved for the use of the use of the United States.
 
ARTICLE XII.
In like manner the post at Michlimackinac, with its dependencies, and twelve miles square about the same, shall be reserved to the sole use of the United States.

ARTICLE XIII.
The United States of America do hereby renew and confirm the peace and friendship entered into with the said nations, at the treaty before mentioned, held at Fort M'Intosh; and the said nations again acknowledge themselves, and all their tribes, to e under the protection of the said United States, and no other power whatever.
 
ARTICLE XIV.
The United States of America do also receive into their friendship and protection, the nations of the Pattiwatimas and Sacs; and do hereby establish a league of peace and amity between them respectively; and all the articles of this treaty, so far as they apply to these nations, are to be made considered as made and concluded in all, and every part, expressly with them and each of them.
 
ARTICLE XV.
And whereas in describing the boundary before mentioned, the words, if strictly constructed, would carry it from the portage on that branch of the Miami, which runs into the Ohio, over to the river An Glaize; which was neither the intention of the Indians, nor of the Commissioners; it is hereby declared, that the line shall run from the said portage directly to the first fork of the Miami river, which is to the southward and eastward of the of the Miami village, thence down the main branch of the Miami river to the said village, and thence down that river to Lake Erie, and along the margin of the lake to the place of beginning.
Done at Fort Harmar, on the Muskingum, this ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine.
In witness thereof, the parties have hereunto interchangeably set their hands and seals.

[For the United States]: Arthur St. Clair.

Peoutewatamie, his x, mark, Konatikina,

Sacs: Tepakee, his x mark, Kesheyiva,

Chippewa: Mesass, Paushquash, Pawasicko, his x mark,

Ottawa: Wewiskia,, Neagay,

Pattawatimas: Windigo, Wapaskea,  Nequea,

Delaware:
Captain Pipe,
Wingenond,
Pekelan,
Teataway,

Chippewa: Nanamakeak, Wetenasa, Soskene,  Pewanakum,

Wyandot: Teyandatontec, Cheyawe, Doueyenteat, Tahoe, Ternate, Datasay, Maudoronk, Skahomat,

In presence of--Jos. Harmar, lieutenant-colonel, commandant, First U.S. Regiment, and brigadier-general by brevet, Richard Butler, Jno. Gibson, Will. McCurdey, captain, E. Denny, ensign, First U.S. Regiment,  A. Hartshorn, ensign, Robt. Thompson, ensign, First U.S. Regiment, Frans. Muse, ensign, J. Williams, jr., Wm. Wilson, Joseph Nicholas, James Rinkin.

Be it remembered, That the Wyandots have laid claim to the lands that were granted to the Shawanese, at the treaty held at the Miami, and have declared, that as the Shawanese have been so restless, and caused so much trouble, both to them and to the United States, if they will not now be at peace, they will dispossess them, and take the country into their own hands; for that country is theirs of right, and the Shawanese are only living upon it by their permission.   They further lay claim to all the country  west of the Miami boundary, from the village to Lake Erie, and declare that it is now under their management and direction

SEPARATE ARTICLE .Whereas the Wyandots have represented, that within the reservation from the river Rosine along the Strait, they have two villages which they cannot with any convenience remove; it is agreed, that they shall remain in possession of the same, and shall not be in any manner disturbed there.

SEPARATE ARTICLE. Should a robbery or murder be committed by any Indian or Indians of the said nations upon the citizens or subjects of the United States or any of them, or by the citizens or subjects of the United States or any of them, upon any Indian or Indians of the said nations, the parties accused of the same shall be tried, and, if found guilty, be punished according to the laws of the state, or of the territory of the United States, as the case may be, where the same was committed; and should any horses be stolen, either by the Indians of the said nations from the citizens or subjects of the United States or any of them. or by any of the said citizens or subjects from any of the said Indians, they may be reclaimed, into whose possession so ever they may have come; and, upon due proof, shall be restored, any sales in open market notwithstanding.   And the parties convicted shall be punished with the utmost severity the laws will admit; and the said nations engage to deliver the parties that may be accused of their nations of either of the before-mentioned crimes, at the nearest post of the United States, if the crime  was committed within the territory of the United States, or to the civil authority of the States, if it shall have happened within any of the United States.

[Proofread 30 July 2000. TH]

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TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE WYANDOT, DELAWARE, SHAWANOE,, OTTAWA, CHIPEWA, PUTAWATMIE,  MIAMI, EEL-RIVER, WEA, KICKAPOO, PIANKASHAW, AND KASKASKIA, 3 AUGUST 1795 , GREENVILLE, NORTHWEST TERRITORY

(Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties). Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, vol. II, pp. 39-45.)

August 3, 1795. 7 Stat., 49. Proclamation, Dec. 2. 1795.

Wayne Flag Treaty of Greenville Flag      Fort Greene Ville Fort Greenville

A Treaty of peace between the United States of America and the Tribes of Indians, called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoes, Ottawas, Chipewas, Putawatimies, Miamis, Eel-river, Weea's, Kickapoos, Piankashaws, and Kaskaskias.  

To put an end to a destructive war, to settle all controversies, and to restore harmony and a friendly intercourse between the said United States, and Indian tribes; Anthony Wayne, major general, commanding the army of the United States, and sole commissioner for the good purposes above mentioned, and the said tribes of Indians, by the Sachems, chiefs, and warriors, met together at Greenville, the head quarters of the said army, have agreed on the following articles, which, when ratified by the President. with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, shall be binding on them and the said Indian tribes.

ARTICLE I. 
Henceforth all hostilities shall cease; peace is hereby established, and shall be perpetual; and a friendly intercourse shall take place, between the said United States and Indian tribes.
 
ARTICLE II.  
All prisoners shall on both sides be restored. The Indians, prisoners to the United States, shall immediately be set at liberty. The people of the United States,, still remaining prisoners among the Indians, shall e delivered up in ninety days from the date hereof, to the general or commanding officer at Greenville, Fort Wayne or Fort Defiance; and ten chiefs of the said tribes shall remain at Greenville as hostages, until the delivery of the prisoners shall  be effected.
 
ARTICLE III.  
The general boundary line between the lands of the United States and the lands of the said Indian tribes, shall begin at the mouth of the Cayahoga river, and run thence up the same to the portage between that and the Tuscararas branch of the Muskingum: thence down that branch to the crossing place above Fort Lawrence; thence westerly to a fork of that branch of the great Miami river running into the Ohio, at or near which fork stood Loromie's store, and where commences the portage between the Miami of the Ohio, and St. Mary's river, which is a  branch of the Miami, which runs into Lake Erie;  thence a westerly course to Fort Recovery, which stands on a branch of the Wabash; then south-westerly in a direct line to the Ohio, so as to intersect that river opposite the mouth of the Kentucke or Cuttawa river. And in consideration of the peace now established; of the goods formerly received from the United States; of those now to be delivered, and of the yearly delivery of goods now stipulated to be made hereafter, and to indemnify the United States for the injuries and expenses they have sustained during the war; the said Indian tribes do hereby cede and relinquish forever, all their claims to the lands lying eastwardly and southwardly of the general boundary line now described; and these lands, or any part of the, shall never hereafter be made a cause or pretence, on the part of the said tribes or any of them, of war or injury to the United States, or any part of the people thereof. (Cession of particular tracts of lands) [This entry is not included at this time. The tracts are too numerous to be of interest to the general reader. The data may be entered in the future, time permitting.-Editor] (Cession of passages in certain places by the Indians. Editor] And the said Indian tribes will allow to the people of the United States a free passage  by land and by water, as one and the other shall be found convenient, through their country, along the chain of posts herein before mentioned; [The details are omitted at this time.-Editor] And the said Indian tribes will also allow to the people of the United States the free use of the harbors and mouths of rivers along the lakes adjoining the Indian lands, for sheltering vessels and boats, and liberty to land their cargoes where necessary for their safety.
 
ARTICLE IV.   
In consideration of the peace now established, and of the cessions and relinquishments of lands made in the preceding article by the said tribe of Indians, and to manifest the liberality of the United States, as the great means of rendering this peace strong and perpetual; the United States relinquish their claims to all other Indian lands northward of the river Ohio, eastward of the Mississippi, and westward and southward of the Great Lakes and the waters uniting them, according to the boundary line agreed on by the United States and the king of Great Britain, in the treaty of peace made between them in the year 1983. But from this relinquishment by the United States, the following tracts of land are explicitly excepted. 1st. The tract of one hundred and fifty thousand acres assigned to General Clark and his warriors. 2d. The post of St. Vincennes on the river Wabash, and the lands adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished. 3d. The lands at all other places in possession of the French people and other white settlers among them, of which the Indian title has been extinguished as mentioned, in the 3d article; and the 4th. The post of fort Massac towards the mouth of the Ohio. To which several parcels of land so excepted, the said tribes relinquish all the title and claim which they or any of them may have. And for the same considerations and with the same views as above mentioned, the United States now deliver to the said Indian tribes a quantity of goods to the value of twenty thousand dollars, the receipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge; and henceforward every year forever the United States will deliver at some convenient place northward of the river Ohio, like useful goods suitable to the circumstances of the Indians, of the value of nine thousand five hundred dollars' reckoning that value at the first cost of the goods in the city or place in the United States, where they are procured. The tribes to which these goods are to be annually delivered, and the proportions in which they are to be delivered. are the following.

1st. To the Wyandots, the amount of one thousand dollars. 2d. To the Delawares, the amount of one thousand dollars. 3d. To the Shawanese, the amount of one thousand dollars.  4th. To the Miamis, the amount of one thousand dollars. 5th. To the Ottawas, the amount of one thousand dollars. 6th. To the Chippewas, the amount of one thousand dollars. 7th. To the Putawatimies, the amount of one thousand dollars. 8th. And to the Kickapoo, Weea, Eel-river, Piankashaw and Kaskaskias tribes, the amount of five hundred dollars each. Provided,  That if either of the said tribes shall hereafter at an annual delivery of their share of the goods aforesaid, desire that a part of their annuity  should be furnished in domestic animals, implements of husbandry, and other utensils convenient for them, and in compensation to useful artificers who may reside near them or with them, and may be be employed for their benefit, the same shall be at the subsequent annual deliveries be furnished accordingly.
 
ARTICLE V.  
To prevent any misunderstanding about the Indian  lands relinquished by the United States in the fourth article, it is now explicitly declared, that the meaning of that relinquishment is this: The Indian tribes who have a right to those lands, are quietly to enjoy them, hunting, planting, and dwelling thereon, so long as they please, without any molestation by the United States; but when those tribes, or any of them, shall be disposed to sell their lands, or any part of them, they are to be sold only to the United States; and until such sale, the United States will protect all the said Indian tribes in the quiet enjoyment of their lands against the citizens of the United States, and against all other white persons who intrude upon the same.  And the said Indian tribes will acknowledge themselves to be under the protection of the said United States and no other.

ARTICLE VI.
If any citizen of the United States, or any other white person or persons, shall presume to settle upon the lands now relinquished by the United States, such citizen or other person shall be out of protection of the United States; and the Indian tribe, on whose land the settlement shall be made, may drive off the settler, or punish him in such a manner as they think shall fit; and because such settlements made without the consent of the United States, will be injurious to them as well as to the Indians, the United States shall be at liberty to break them up, and remove and punish the settlers as they shall think proper, and so effect that protection of the Indian lands herein before stipulated
 
ARTICLE VII.   
The said tribes of Indians. parties to this treaty, shall be at liberty to hunt within the territory and lands which they  have now ceded to the United States, without hindrance or molestation, so long as they demean themselves peaceably, and offer no injury to the people of the United States.
 
ARTICLE VIII.   
Trade shall be opened with the said Indian tribes; and they do hereby respectfully engage to afford protection to such persons, with their property, as shall be duly licensed to reside among them for the purpose of trade, and to their agents and servants; but no person shall be permitted to reside to reside at any of their towns or hunting camps as a trader, who is not furnished with a license for that purpose, under the hand and seal of the superintendent of the department north-west of the Ohio, or such other person as the President of the United States shall authorize to grant such licenses; to the end, that the said Indians may not be imposed upon in their trade.   And if any licensed trader shall abuse his privilege by unfair dealing, upon complaint and proof thereof, his license shall be taken from him, and he shall be further punished according to the laws of the United States.   And if any person shall intrude himself as a trader without such license, the said Indians shall take and bring him before the superintendent or his deputy, to be dealt with according to law.  And to `prevent impositions by forged licenses, the said Indians shall at least once a year give information to the superintendent or his deputies, of the names of the traders residing among them. Lest the firm peace and friendship mow established should be interpreted by the misconduct of individuals, the United States, and the Indian tribes agree, that for injuries done by individuals on either side, no private revenge or retaliation shall take place; but instead thereof, complaint shall be made by the party injured , to the other; By the said Indian tribes, or any of them, to the President of the United States,, or the superintendent by him appointed; and by the superintendent or other person appointed by the President, to the principal chiefs of the said tribes, or of the tribe to which the offender belongs; and such prudent measures shall then be pursued as shall be necessary to preserve the said peace and friendship unbroken, until the Legislature (or Great Council) of the United States, shall make other equitable provision in the case, to the satisfaction of both parties.   Should any Indian tribes mediate a war against the United States or either of them, and the same shall come to the knowledge of the before-mentioned tribes, or either of them, they do hereby engage to give immediate notice thereof to the general or officer commanding the troops of the United States, at the nearest post. And should any tribe, with hostile intensions against the United States, or either of them, attempt to pass through their country, they will endeavor to prevent the same, and in like manner give information  of such attempt, to the general or officer commanding, as soon as possible, that all causes of mistrust and suspicion may be avoided between them and the United States.   In like manner, the United States shall give notice to the said Indian tribes  of any harm that may be meditated against them, or either of them, that shall come to their knowledge; and do all in their power to hinder and prevent the, same. that the friendship between them may be uninterrupted.

ARTICLE IX.
Lest the firm peace and friendship now established should be interrupted by the misconduct of individuals, the United States, and the said Indian tribes agree, that for injuries done by individuals on either side, no private revenge or retaliation  shall take place; but instead thereof, complaint shall be made by the party injured, to the other: By the said Indian tribes, or any of them, to the President of the United States, or the superintendent by him appointed; and by the superintendent or other person appointed by the President, to the principal chiefs of the said Indian tribes, or of the tribe to which the offender belongs; and such prudent measures shall then be pursued as shall be necessary to preserve the said peace and friendship unbroken, until the Legislature (or Great Council) of the United States, shall make other equitable provision in the case, to the satisfaction of both parties. Should any  Indian  tribes meditate a war r against the United States or either of them, and the same shall come to the knowledge of the before-mentioned tribes, or either of them, they do hereby engage to give immediate notice thereof to the general or officer commanding the troops of the United States, at the nearest post. And should any tribe, with hostile intentions against the United States, or either of them, attempt to pass through their country, they will endeavor to prevent the same, and in like manner give information of such attempt, to the general or officer commanding, as soon as possible, that all causes of mistrust and suspicion may be avoided between them and the United States. In like manner the United States shall give notice to the said Indian tribes of any harm that may be meditated against them, or either of them, that shall come to their knowledge; and do all in their power to hinder and prevent the same, that the friendship between them may be uninterrupted.

ARTICLE X.
All other treaties heretofore made between the United States and the said Indian tribes, or any of them, since the treaty of 1783, between the United States and Great Britain, that come within the purview of this treaty, shall henceforth cease and become void.
In testimony whereof, the said Anthony Wayne, and the sachems and war chiefs of the beforementioned nations and tribes of Indians, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals.

Done at Greenville, in the territory of the United States north west of the river Ohio, on the third day of August, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five.
Anthony Wayne.

 Wyandot:
Tarhe, or Crane,
J. Williams, jun.
Teyyaghtaw,
Haroenyou, or half king’s son,
Tehaawtorens,
Awmeyeeray,
Stayetah,
Shateyyaronyah, or Leather Lips,
Daughshuttayah,
Shaawrunthe,

Delaware:
Tetabokshke, or Grand Glaize King,
Lemantanquis, or Black King,
Wabatthoe,
Maghpiway, or Red Feather,
Kikthawenund, or Anderson,
Bukongehelas,
Peekeelund,
Wellebawkeelund,
Peekeetelemund, or Thomas Adams,
Kishkopekund, or Captain Buffalo,
Amenahehan, or Captain Crow,
Queshawksey, or George Washington,
Weywinquis, or Billy Siscomb,
Moses   

Shawanee:
Misquacoonacaw, or Red Pole,
Cutthewekasaw, or Black Hoof,
Kaysewaesekah,
Weythapamattha,
Nianymseka,
Waytheah, or Long Shanks, .]
Weyapiersenwaw, or Blue Jacket,
Nequetaughaw,
Hahgooseekaw, or Captain Reed,

Ottawa:
Augooshaway,
Keenoshameek,
La Malice,
Machiwetah,
Thowonawa,
Secaw,

Chippewa:
Mashipinashiwish, or Bad Bird,
Nahshogashe, (from Lake Superior,)
Kathawasung,
Masass,
Demakis, or Little Thunder,
Peshawkay, or Young Ox,
Nanguey,
Meenedohgeesogh,
Peewanshemenogh,
Weymegwas,
Gobmaatick,

Ottawa:
Chegonickska, (an Ottawa from Sandusky,)

Pattawatima of the river St. Joseph:
Thupenebu,
Nasal, (for himself and brother Etsimethe,)
Nenanseka,
Keesass, or Run,
Kabamasaw, (for himself and brother Chisaugan,)
Sugganunk,
Wapmeme, or White Pigeon,
Wacheness, (for himself and brother Pedagoshok,)
Wabshicawnaw,
La Chasse,
Meshegethenogh, (for himself and brother Wawasek,)
Hingoswash,
Anewasaw,
Nawbudgh,
Missenogomaw,
Waweegshe,
Thawme, or Le Blanc,
Geeque, (for himself and brother Shewinse,)

Pattawatima of Huron:
Ochoa,
Chamung,
Segagewan,
Nanawme, (for himself and brother A. Gin,)
Marchand,
Wenameac,

Miami:
Nagohquangogh, or Le Gris,
Meshekunnoghquoh, or Little Turtle,

Miami and Eel River:
Peejeewa, or Richard Ville,
Cochkepoghtogh,

Eel River Tribe:
Shamekunnesa, or Soldier,

Miami:
Wapamangwa, or the White Loon,

Weas, for themselves and the Piankeshaws:
Mauna, or Little Beaver,
Acoolatha, or Little Fox,
Francis,

Kickapoo and Kaskaskia:
Keeawhah,
Nemighka, or Josey Renard,
Paikeekanogh,

Delaware of Sandusky:
Hawkinpumiska,
Peyamawksey,
Reyntueco, (of the Six Nations, living at Sandusky,)

In presence of (the word “goods” in the sixth line of the third article; the word “before” in the twenty-sixth line of the third article; the words “five hundred” in the tenth line of the fourth article, and the word “Piankeshaw” in the fourteenth line of the fourth article, being first interlined)—

H. De Butts, first aid de camp and secretary to Major General Wayne.
Wm. H. Harrison, aid de camp to Major General Wayne.
T. Lewis, aid de camp to Major General Wayne.
James O’Hara, quartermaster general.
John Mills, major of infantry and adjutant general.
Caleb Swan, P. M. T. U. S.
Geo. Demter, lieutenant artillery.
Vigo.
P. Frs. La Fontaine.
Ant. Lasselle.
H. Lasselle.
Jn. Beau Bier.
David Jones, chaplain U. S. S.
Lewis Beaufait.
R. Lachambre.
Jas. Pepped.
Baties Coutien.
P. Navarre.
Sworn interpreters:
Wm. Wells.
Jacques Lasselle.
M. Morins.
Bt. Sans Crainte.
Christopher Miller.
Robert Wilson.
Abraham Williams.
Isaac Zane.

All other treaties heretofore made  between the United States and the said Indian tribes, or any of them, since the treaty of 1783, between the United States and Great Britain, that come within the purview of this treaty, shall henceforth cease and may be void. In testimony  whereof, the said Anthony Wayne, and the sachems and war chiefs of the beforementioned nations and tribes of Indians, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their  seals.  Done at Greenville, in the territory of the United States west of the river Ohio, on the third day of August, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five.
Anthony Wayne.

For the full text of the treaty, see: http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/index.htm

[Proofread 14 October 2001. TH]
 

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TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE DELAWARE, SHAWANOE, PUTAWATIMIE, MIAMI, EEL RIVER, WEAS, KICKAPOO, PIANKASHAW, AND KASKASKIA NATIONS, 7 JUNE 1803,  FORT WAYNE, INDIANA TERRITORY

(Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties). Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, vol. II, pp. 64-66)

 June 7, 1803. 7 Stat., 74. Proclamation Dec. 26, 1803.

Articles of a treaty between the United States of America, and the Delaware, Shawanoes, Putawatimies, Miamies, Eel River, Weeas, Kickapoos, Piankashaws, and Kaskaskias nations of Indians.

Articles of a treaty made at Fort Wayne on the Miami of the Lake, between William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana territory, superintendent of Indian affairs and commissioner plenipotentiary of the United States for concluding any treaty or treaties which may be found necessary with any of the Indian tribes north west of the Ohio, of the one part, and the tribes of Indians called the Delawares, Shawanoes, Putawatimies, Miamies and Kickapoos, by their chiefs and head warriors, and those of the Eel River, Weas, Piankashaws and Kaskaskias by their agents and representatives Tuthinipee, Winnemac, Richerville and Little Turtle (who are properly authorized by the said tribes) of the other part.
 
 ARTICLE 1st.
Whereas it is declared by the fourth article of the treaty of Greenville, that the United States reserve for their use the post of St. Vincennes and all the lands adjacent to which the Indian titles had been extinguished: And whereas, it has been found difficult to determine the precise limits of the said tract as held by the French and the British governments: it is hereby agreed that the boundaries of the said tract shall be as follow: Beginning at Point Coupee on the Wabash, and running thence by a line north seventy-eight degrees, west twelve miles, thence by a line parallel to the general course of the Wabash, until it shall be intersected by a line at right angles to the same, passing through the mouth of the White river, thence by the last mentioned line across the Wabash and towards the Ohio, seventy-two miles, thence by a line north twelve degrees west, until it shall be intersected by a line at right angles to the same, passing through Point Coupee, and by the last mentioned line to the place of beginning.
 
ARTICLE 2nd. 
The United States hereby relinquish all claim which they may have had to any lands adjoining to or in the neighborhood of the tract above described.
 
ARTICLE  3rd.
As a mark of their regard and attachment to the United States, whom they acknowledge for their only friends and protectors, and for the consideration herein after mentioned, the said tribes do hereby relinquish and cede to the United States the great salt spring upon the Saline creek which falls into the Ohio below the mouth of the Wabash, with a quantity of land surrounding it, not exceeding four miles square, and which may be laid off in a square or oblong as the one or other may be found most convenient to the United States: And the said United States being desirous that the Indian tribes should participate in the benefits to be derived from the said spring, hereby engage to deliver yearly and every year for the use of said Indians, a quantity of salt not exceeding one hundred and fifty bushels, and which shall be divided among the several tribes in such manner as the general council of the chiefs may determine.
 
ARTICLE 4th.
For the considerations before mentioned and for the convenience which the said tribes will themselves derive from such establishments in is hereby agreed that as soon as the tribes called the Kickapoos, Eel River, Weas, Piankashaws and Kaskaskias shall give their consent to the measure, the United States shall have the right of locating three tracts of lands (of such size as may be agreed upon with the last mentioned tribes) on the main road between Vincennes and Kaskaskias, and one other between Vincennes and Clarksville for the purpose of erecting houses of entertainment for the accommodation of travellers. But it is expressly understood that if the said locations are made on any of the rivers, which cross the said road, and ferries should be established on the same, that in times of high water any Indian or Indians belonging to either of the tribes who are parties to the treaty shall have the privilege of crossing said ferry toll free.
 
ARTICLE 5th.
Whereas there is reason to believe that if the boundary lines of the tract described in the first article should be run in the manner therein directed, that some of the settlements and locations of land made by the citizens of the United States will fall in the Indian country--It is hereby agreed that such alterations shall be made in the direction of these lines as will include them; and a quantity of land equal in quantity to what may thus be taken shall be given to the said tribes either at the east or the west end of the tract.

In testimony whereof. the commissioner of the United States, and the chiefs and the warriors of the Delawares, Shawanees, Pattawatimies, Miamis, and Kickapoos, and those of the Eel Rivers, Weas, Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias by their agents and representatives Tuthinipee, Winnemac, Richeville, and the Little Turtle, who are properly authorized, by the said tribes, have hereunto subscribed their names and affixed their seals, at fort Wayne, this seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and three, and of the independence of the United States the twenty-seventh.

[Signed for the United States] William Henry Harrison,

Miami:
Richeville,
Meseekunneghquoh, or Little Turtle,
On behalf of themselves, Eel Rivers, Weas, Piankehaws and Kaskaskias, whom they represent.

Kickapoo:
Nehmehtohah, or standing,
Pasheweha, or cat.

Shawanees:
Neahmemsieeh,
Pattawatima:
Tuthinipee,
Winnemac,

On behalf of the Pattawatimas and Eel Rivers, Weas, Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias, whom they represent:
Wannangeas, or five medals,
Keesas, or sun.
 
Delaware:
Teta Buxike,
Bukongehelas,
Hockingpomskenn,
Kechkawhanund.
Shawanee:
Cuthewekasaw, or Black Hoof,
Methawnasice.

Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of--
J. R. Jones, secretary to commission
John Gibson, secretary Indian Territory,
Thos. Pasteur, captain, First Regiment Infantry,
William Wells, interpreter,
John Johnson, United States, factor,
H.  Aupaumut, chief of Muhhecon,
Thomas Freeman.
The proceedings at the within treaty were faithfully interpreted by us, John Gibson and William Wells, that is, for the Delawares, John Gibson, and for the rest of the tribes, William Wells.

[Proofread 15 October 2001. TH]

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TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE DELAWARE, 18 AUGUST 1804,  VINCENNES, INDIANA TERRITORY

(Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties. Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, vol. II, pp. 70-72)  

   A Treaty between the United States of America and the Delaware tribe of Indians.

Aug. 18, 1804. 7 Stat., 81. Ratified Jan. 21, 1805. Proclaimed Feb. 14, 1805.

The Delaware tribe of Indians finding that the annuity which they receive from the United States, is not sufficient to supply them with the articles which are necessary for their comfort and convenience, and afford the means of introducing amongst them the arts of civilized life, and being convinced that the extensiveness of the country they possess, by giving an opportunity to their hunting parties to ramble to a great distance from their towns, is the principal means of retarding this desirable event; and the United States being desirous to connect their settlements on the Wabash with the state of Kentucky: therefore the said United States, by William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana territory, superintendent of Indian affairs, and their commissioner plenipotentiary for treating with the Indian tribes northwest of the Ohio river; and the said tribe of Indians by their sachems, chiefs, and head warriors, have agreed to the following articles, which then ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall be binding on the said parties.
 
ARTICLE 1.
The said Delaware tribe, for the considerations hereinafter mentioned, relinquishes to the United States forever, all their right and title to the tract of country which lies between the Ohio and Wabash rivers, and below the tract ceded by the treaty of Fort Wayne, and the road leading from Vincennes to the falls of Ohio

ARTICLE 2.
The said tribe shall receive from the United States for ten years, an additional annuity of three hundred dollars, which is to be exclusively appropriated to the purpose of ameliorating their condition and promoting their civilization. Suitable persons shall be employed at the expense of the United States to teach them to make fences, cultivate the earth, and such of the domestic arts as are adapted to their situation; and a further sum of three hundred dollars shall be appropriated annually for five years to this object. The United States will cause to be delivered to them in the course of the next spring, horses fit for draft, cattle, hogs and implements of husbandry to the amount of four hundred dollars. The preceding stipulations together with goods to the amount of eight hundred dollars which is now delivered to the said tribe, (a part of which is to be appropriated to the satisfying certain individuals of the said tribe, whose horses have been taken by white people) is to be considered as full compensation for the relinquishment made in the first article.

ARTICLE 3.
As there is great reason to believe that there are now in the possession of the said tribe, several horses which have been stolen from citizens of the United States, the chiefs who represent the said tribe are to use their utmost endeavors to have the said horses forthwith delivered to the superintendent of Indian affairs or such persons as he may appoint to receive them. And as the United States can place the utmost reliance on the honor and integrity of those chiefs who have manifested a punctilious regard to the engagements entered into at the treaty of Grenville [Greenville], it is agreed that in relation to such of the horses stolen as aforesaid, but which have died or been removed beyond the reach of the chiefs, the United States will compensate the owners for the loss of them without deducting from the annuity of said tribe the amount of what may be paid in this way. But it is expressly understood that this provision is not to extend to any horses which may have been stolen within the course of twelve months preceding the date  thereof.

ARTICLE. 4.
The said tribe having exhibited to the above-named commissioner of the United States sufficient proof of their right to all the country which lies between the Ohio and White river, and the Miami tribe who were the original proprietors of the upper part of that country having explicitly acknowledged the title of the Delawares at the general council held at Fort Wayne in the month of June, 1803, the said United States will in future consider the Delawares as the rightful owners of all the country which is bounded by the white river on the north, the Ohio on the south, the general boundary line running from the mouth of the Kentucky river on the east, and the tract ceded by this treaty, and that ceded by the treaty of Fort Wayne, on the west and south west.
 
ARTICLE 5.
As the Piankishaw tribe have hitherto obstinately persisted in refusing to recognize the title of the Delawares to the tract of country ceded by this treaty, the United States will negociate with them and will endeavor to settle the matter, in an amicable way; but should they reject the propositions that may be made to them on this subject, and should the United States not think proper to take possession of the said country without their consent; the stipulations and promises herein made on behalf of the United States, shall be null and void

ARTICLE 6.
As the road from Vincennes to Clark's grant will form a very inconvenient boundary, and as it is the intention of the parties to these presents that the whole of the said road shall be within the tract ceded to the United States, it is agreed that the boundary in that quarter shall be a straight line to be drawn parallel to the course of the said road from the eastern boundary of the tracts ceded by the treaty of Fort Wayne to Clark's grant; but the said line is not to pass at a greater distance than half a mile from the most northerly bend of said road.
In witness thereof, the commissioner plenipotentiary of the United States, and the chiefs and head men of the said tribe, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals
.
Done at Vincennes, the eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and four; and of the independence of the United States the twenty-ninth.

[Signed for the United States]
William Henry Harrison.

 [Delaware]
 Jeta Buxika,
Bokongehelas,
Alimee, or Geo. White Eyes,
Hocking Pomskann,
Tomaguee, or the beaver,

Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of
John Gibson, secretary to the commission.
Henry Vanderburg, judge of Indiana Territory.
Vigo, colonel of Knox County, I. T. Militia.
B. Parker, attorney-general of the Indiana Territory.
John Rice Jones, of Indiana Territory.
Robert Buntin, prothonotary of Knox County, Indiana Territory.
Geo. Wallace, jr., of Indiana Territory.
Antoine Marchal, of I. T.
Joseph Barron, interpreter.
Edward Hempstead, attorney at law.

I do certify, that each and every article of the foregoing treaty was carefully explained, and precisely interpreted, by me, to the Delaware chiefs who have signed the same. John Gibson.

[Proofread 14 October 2001. TH]

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TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE WYANDOT, OTTAWA, CHIPAWA, MUNSEE, DELAWARE, SHAWNEE, AND POTTAWATIMA NATIONS, 4 JULY 1805, FORT INDUSTRY, OHIO

(Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties).  Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, vol. II, pp. 77-78.)

A treaty between the United States of America and the sachems, chiefs, and warriors of the Wyandot, Ottawa, Chipawa, Munsee, Delaware, Shawnee, and Pottawatima nations, holden at Fort Industry on the Miami of the lake, on the fourth day of July, Anno Domini, one thousand eight hundred and five.

ARTICLE I. 
The said Indian nations do again acknowledge themselves and all their tribes, to be in friendship with, and under the protection of the United States.
  
ARTICLE II. 
The boundary line between the United States, and the nations aforesaid, shall in future be a meridian line drawn north and south, to a boundary to be erected on the south shore of Lake Erie, one hundred and twenty miles due west of the west boundary line of the state of Pennsylvania, extending north until it intersects the boundary line of the United States,  and extending south it intersects a line heretofore established by the treaty of Grenville
  
ARTICLE III. 
The Indian nations aforesaid, for the consideration of friendship to the United States, and the sums of money hereinafter mentioned, to be paid annually to the Wyandot, Shawnee, Munsee, and Delaware nations, have ceded and do hereby cede and relinquish to the said United States for ever, all the lands belonging to said United States, lying east of the aforesaid line, bounded southerly and easterly by the line established by said treaty of Grenville, and northerly by the northernmost part of the forty first degree of north latitude.
.  
ARTICLE IV. 
The United States, to preserve harmony, manifest their liberality [Ha! Editor], and in consideration of the cession made in the preceding article, will, every year forever hereafter, at Detroit, or some other convenient place, pay and deliver to the Wyandot, Munsee, and Delaware nations, and those of the Shawanee and Seneca nations who reside with the Wyandots, the sum of eight hundred and twenty five dollars, current money of the United States, and the further sum of one hundred and seventy five dollars, making  in the whole an annuity of one thousand dollars; which last sum of eight hundred and seventy five dollars, has been secured to the President, in trust for said nations, by the Connecticut land company, and by the company incorporated by the name of "the proprietors of the half million acres of land lying south of Lake Erie, called Suffer's Land, payable annually as aforesaid, and to be divided between aforesaid nations, from time to time, in such proportions as said nations, with the approbation of the President, shall agree. 
 
ARTICLE V. 
To prevent all misunderstanding hereafter, it is to be expressly remembered, that the Ottawa and Chippewa nations. and such of the Pottawatima nation as reside on the river Huron of Lake Erie, and in the neighborhood thereof, have received from the Connecticut land company, and the company incorporated by the name of "the proprietors of the half million acres of land lying south of Lake Erie, called Sufferer's Land," the sum of four thousand dollars in hand, and have secured o the President of the United States, in trust for the, the further sum of twelve thousand dollars, payable in six annual installments of two thousand each; which several sums is the full amount of their proportion of the purchases effected by this treaty, and also by a treaty with said companies bearing even date herewith; which proportions were agreed on  and concluded by the whole pf said nations in their general council; which several sums, together with two thousand nine hundred and sixteen dollars and sixty seven cents, secured to the President, to raise said sum of one hundred and seventy five dollars annuity as aforesaid, is the amount of the consideration paid by the agents of the Connecticut Reserve, for the cession of their lands.

ARTICLE VI. 
The said Indian nations, parties to this treaty, shall be at liberty to fish and hunt within the territory and lands which they have now ceded to the United States, so long as they shall demean themselves peaceably.

In witness whereof, Charles Jouett, esquire, a commissioner on the part of the United States, and the sachems, chiefs, and warriors of the Indian nations aforesaid, have hereto set their hands and sea. [For the United States]: Charles Jouett. [Only the Munsee and Delaware signers are included at this time. Editor.]

Charles Jouett, [L. S.]

Ottawa:
Nekeik, or Little Otter,
Kawachewan, or Eddy,
Mechimenduch, or Big Bowl,
Aubaway,
Ogonse,
Sawgamaw,
Tusquagan, or McCarty,
Tondawganie, or the Dog,
Ashawet,
Chippewa:
Macquettoquet, or Little Bear,
Quitchonequit, or Big Cloud,
Queoonequetwabaw,
Oscaquassanu, or Young Boy,
Monimack, or Cat Fish,
Tonquish,

Pattawatima:
Noname,
Mogawh,

Wyandot:
Tarhee, or the Crane,
Myra, or Walk in Water,
Thateyyanayoh, or Leather Lips,
Harrowenyou, or Cherokee Boy,
Tschauendah,
Tahunehawettee, or Adam Brown,
Shawrunthie,

Munsee and Delaware:
Puckconsittond,
Paahmehelot,
Pamoxet, or Armstrong,
Pappellelond, or Beaver Hat,

Shawanee:
Weyapurseawaw, or Blue Jacket,
Cutheaweasaw, or Black Hoff,
Auonasechla, or Civil Man,
Isaac Peters,

In presence of—
 Wm. Dean, C. F. L. C.
J. B. Mower,
Jasper Parrish,
Whitmore Knaggs,
William Walker,
Interpreters.
Israel Ruland,
E. Brush.

Interpreters. Israel Ruland, E. Brush.

[Proofread 14 October 2001. TH]

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TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE DELAWARE. POTTAWATIMIE, MIAMIE, EEL RIVER, AND WEA,  21 AUGUST 1805 AT GROUSELAND, NEAR VINCENNES, INDIANA TERRITORY

(Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties). Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, vol. II, pp. 80-82.)

mansion2.gif (20242 bytes)

 

 

Grouseland is the beautiful Georgian mansion built by Governor Harrison in 1803-04 on a 300-acre farm. Stone for the foundation was quarried just a few miles to the north. The woodwork is solid walnut and a self-supporting curved stairway of cherry greets the visitor in the stately entrance hall. There are more than 20 rooms and 13 fireplaces in the mansion. During Harrison's governorship, the home was the focal point of the social and official life of the territory.
(Source http://users.bestonline.net/pwilk/mansion.htm )

Aug. 21, 1805. 7 Stat 91, Proclamation, April 24, 1806,

Articles of a treaty made and entered into, at Grouseland, near Vincennes, in the Indiana territory, by and between William Henry Harrison, governor of said territory, superintendent of Indian affairs, and commissioner plenipotentiary of the United States, for treating with the north western tribes of Indians, of the one part, and the tribes of Indians called the Delawares, Putawatimis, Miamis, Eel River, and Weas, jointly and severally by their chiefs and head men, of the other part.

ARTICLE  I.
Whereas, by the fourth article of a treaty made between the United States and the Delaware tribe, on the eighteenth day of August, eighteen hundred and four, the said United States engaged to consider the said Delawares as the proprietors of all that tract of country which is bounded by the White river on the north, the Ohio and Clark's grant on the south, the general boundary line running from the mouth of  Kentucky river on the east, and the tract ceded by the treaty of fort Wayne, and the road leading to Clark's grant on the west and south west. And whereas, the Miami tribes, from whom the Delawares derived their claim, contend that in their cession of said tract to the Delawares, it was never their intention to convey the right of the soil, but to suffer them to occupy it as long as they thought proper, the said Delaware have, for the sake of peace and good neighborhood, determined to relinquish their claim to the said tract, and do by these presents release the United States from the guarantee made in the before-mentioned article of the treaty of August, eighteen hundred and four.

ARTICLE  II.
The said Miami, Eel River, and Wea tribes, cede and relinquish to the United States forever, all that tract of country which lies to the south of a line to be drawn from the north east corner of the tract ceded by the treaty of fort Wayne, so as to strike the general boundary line, running from a point opposite to the mouth of the Kentucky river, to fort Recovery, at the distance of fifty miles from the commencement on the Ohio River.
 
ARTICLE  III.
In consideration of the cession made in the preceding article, the United States will give an additional permanent annuity to said Miamis, Eel River, and Wea tribes, in the following proportions, viz: to the Miamis, six hundred dollars; to the Eel River tribe, two hundred and fifty dollars; to the Weas, two hundred and fifty dollars; and also to the Putawatemies, an additional annuity of five hundred dollars, for ten years, and no longer; which, together with the sum of four thousand dollars which is now delivered, the receipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge, is to be considered as a full compensation for the land now ceded. 

ARTICLE  IV.
As the tribes which are now called the Miamis, Eel River, and Weas, were formerly and still consider themselves as one nation, and as they have determined that neither of these tribes shall dispose of any part of the country which they hold in common; in order to quiet their minds on that head, the United States do hereby engage to consider them as joint owners of all the country on the Wabash and its waters, above the Vincennes tract, and which has not been ceded to the United States, by this or any former treaty; and they do farther engage that they will not purchase any part of the said country without the consent of each of the said tribes. Provided always, That nothing in this section contained, shall in any manner weaken or destroy any claim which the Kickapoos, who are not represented at this treaty, may have to the country they now occupy on the Vermillion river.
 
ARTICLE V.
The Putawatimies, Miami, Eel River, and Wea tribes, explicitly acknowledge the right of the Delawares to sell the tract of land conveyed to the United States by the treaty of the eighteenth day of August, eighteen hundred and four, which tract was given by the Piankashaws to the Delawares, about thirty-seven years ago.
 
ARTICLE VI.
The annuities herein stipulated to be paid by the United States, shall be delivered in the same manner, and under the same conditions as those which the said tribes have heretofore received.

ARTICLE VII.
This treaty shall be in force and obligatory on the contracting parties as soon as the same shall have been ratified by the President, by, and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States.
In testimony whereof, the said commissioner plenipotentiary of the United States, and the sachems, chiefs, and head men of the said tribes, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals.
Done at Grouseland, near Vincennes, on the twenty-first day of August, in the year eighteen hundred and five, and of the independence of the United States the thirtieth.
[Signed for the United States]
William Henry Harrison,

 Delaware:
Hocking Pomskan,
Kecklawhenund, or William Anderson,
Allime, or White Eyes,
Tomague, or Beaver,

Pattawatima:
Topanepee,
Lishahecon,
Wenamech,

Miami:
Kakonweconner, or Long Legs,
Missingguimeshan, or Owl,
Wabsier, or White Skin,
Mashekanochquah, or Little Turtle,
Richardville,
 
Eel River:
Wanonecana, or Night Stander, his x mark,
Metausauner, or Sam, his x mark,
Archekatauh, or Earth, his x mark,

Wea:
Assonnonquah, or Labossiere,
Misquaconaqua, or Painted Pole,
Ohequanah, or Little Eyes,

Delaware:
 Missenewand, or Captain Bullet,
 
Done in the presence of--
B. Parke, secretary to the commissioner,
John Gibson, secretary Indiana Territory,
John Griffin, a judge of the Indiana Territory,
B. Chambers, president of the council,
Jesse B. Thomas, Speaker of the House of Representatives,
John Rice Jones,
Samuel Gwathmey,
Pierre Menard,
 Members legislative council Indiana territory,
Davis Floyd,
Shadrach Bond,
William Biggs,
John Johnson,
 Members house of representatives Indiana Territory,
W. Wells, agent of Indian affairs,
Vigo, colonel of Knox County Militia,
John Conner,
Joseph Barron, Sworn interpreters.

ADDITIONAL ARTICLE. It is the intention of the contracting parties, that the boundary line herein directed to be run from the north east corner of the Vincennes tract to the boundary line running from the mouth of the Kentucky river, shall not cross the Embarras or Drift Wood fork of White river, but if it should strike the said fork, such an alteration in the direction of the said line is to be made, as will leave the whole of the said fork in the Indian territory.

[Proofread 15 October 2001. TH]

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TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND DELAWARE, PUTAWATIMIE, MIAMI, AND EEL RIVER MIAMI, 30 SEPTEMBER 1809,  FORT WAYNE, INDIANA TERRITORY

(Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties) Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, vol. II, pp. 101-102.)

Sept. 30, 1809. 7 Stat., 113. Proclamation, Jan. 16, 1810

A treaty between the United States of America, and the tribe of Indians called the Delawares, Putawatimies, Miamies and Eel River Miamies.

James Madison, President of the United States, by William Henry Harrison, governor and commander-in-chief of the Indiana territory, superintendent of Indian affairs, and commissioner plenipotentiary of the United States, for treating with the said Indian tribes, and the Sachems, Head men and Warriors of the Delawares, Putawatame, Miami and Eel River tribes of Indians, have agreed and concluded upon the following treaty; which, when ratified by the said President, with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, shall be binding on said parties.

ARTICLE 1st.
The Miami and Eel River tribes, and the Delawares and Putawatimies, as their allies, agree to cede to the United States all that tract of country which shall be included between the boundary line established by the Treaty of Fort Wayne, the Wabash, and a line to be drawn from the mouth of the creek called Racoon Creek, emptying into the Wabash, on the south-east side, about twelve miles below the mouth of the Vermilion river, so as to strike the boundary line, established by the treaty of Grouseland, at such a distance from its commencement at the north-east corner of the Vincennes tract, as will leave the tract now ceded thirty miles wide at the narrowest place. And also all that tract which shall be included between the following boundaries, viz: beginning at Fort recovery, thence southwardly along the general boundary line established by the treaty of Greenville, to the intersection with the boundary line established by the treaty of Grouseland: thence along said line to a point from which a line drawn parallel to the first mentioned line will be twelve miles distant from the same, and along the said parallel line to its intersection with a line to be drawn from Fort Recovery, parallel to the line established by said treaty of Grouseland.
 
ARTICLE 2nd.
The Miamies explicitly acknowledge the equal right of the Delawares with themselves to the country watered by the White river. But it is also to be clearly understood that neither party shall have the right of disposing of the same without the consent of the other: and any improvements which shall be made on the said land by the Delawares, or their friends the Mohecans, shall be theirs forever.
 
ARTICLE 3rd.
The compensation to be given for the cession made in the first article shall be as follows, viz: to the Delawares a permanent annuity of five hundred dollars; to the Miamies a like annuity of five hundred dollars; to the Eel River tribe a like annuity of two hundred and fifty dollars; and to the Putawatimies a like annuity of five hundred dollars.
 
ARTICLE 4th.
All the stipulations made in the treaty of Greenville, relatively to the manner of paying the annuities, and the right of the Indians to hunt upon the land, shall apply to the annuities granted and the land ceded by the present treaty.

ARTICLE 5th.
The consent of the Wea tribe shall be necessary to complete the title to the first tract of land here ceded; a separate convention shall be entered into between them and the United States, and a reasonable allowance of goods given them in hand, and a permanent annuity, which shall not be less than three hundred dollars, settled upon them.
 
ARTICLE 6th.
The annuities promised by the third article, and the goods now delivered to the amount of five thousand two hundred dollars, shall be considered as a full compensation for the cession made in the first article. 

ARTICLE 7th.
The tribes who are parties to this treaty being desirous of putting an end to the depredations which are committed by abandoned individuals of their own color, upon the cattle, horses, &c. of the more industrious and careful, agree to adopt the following regulations, viz: when any theft or other depredation shall be committed by any individual or individuals of one of the tribes above mentioned, upon the property of any individual or individuals of another tribe, the chiefs of the party injured shall make application to the agent of the United States, who is charged with the delivery of the annuities of the tribe to which the offending party belongs, whose duty it shall be to hear the proofs and allegations of either side, and determine between them: and the amount of his award shall be immediately deducted from the annuity of the tribe to which the offending party belongs, and given to the person injured, or to the chief of his village for his use.
 
ARTICLE 8th.
The United States agree to relinquish their right to the reservation, at the old Ouroctenon towns, made by the treaty of Greenville, so far at least as to make no further use of it than for the establishment of a military post.

ARTICLE 9th.
The tribes who are parties to this treaty, being desirous to show their attachment to their brothers the Kickapoos, agree to cede to the United States the lands on the north-west side of the Wabash, from the Vincennes tract to a northwardly extension of the line running from the mouth of the aforesaid Racoon creek, and fifteen miles in width from the Wabash, on condition that the United States shall allow them an annuity of four hundred dollars. But this article is to have no effect unless the Kickapoos will agree to it.

In testimony whereof, the said William Henry Harrison, and the sachems and war chiefs of the beforementioned tribes, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals, at fort Wayne, this thirtieth of September, eighteen hundred and nine.
[Signed for the United States] William Henry Harrison.

 Delaware:
 Anderson, for Hokingpomskon, who is absent,
Anderson,
Petchekekapon,
The Beaver,
Captain Killbuck,

Pattawatima:
Winnemac, Five Medals, by his son,
Mogawgo,
Shissahecon, for himself and his brother Tuthinipee,
Ossmeet, brother to Five Medals,
Nanousekah, Penamo's son,
Mosser,
Chequinimo,
Sackanackshut,
Conengee.,

Miami:
Pucan,
The Owl,
Meshekenoghqua, or the Little Turtle,
Wapemangua, or the Loon,
Silver Heels,
Shawapenomo.

Eel Rivers:
Charley,
Sheshangomequah, or Swallow,
The young Wyandot, a Miami of Elk Hart.
In presence of--
Peter Jones, secretary to the Commissioner.
John Johnson, Indian Agent,
A. Heald, Capt. U.S. Army,
A. Edwards, surgeon's mate,
Ph. Ostrander, Lieut. U. S. Army,
John Shaw,
Stephen Johnston,
J. Hamilton, sheriff of Dearborn County,
Hendrick Aupaumut,
William Wells,
John Connor, Joseph Barron,
Abraham Ash,
Sworn Interpreters.

Published 10 July 2004. Proofread 17 September 2001. Times New Roman 12 point. Photo check A. TH

                                                       

 

                                                              
                                     
                                                                                                   
 
             
                                                                                      
  

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